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狀語(yǔ)從句知識點(diǎn)總結之時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
■引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:
Things were different when I was a child. 我小時(shí)候情況與現在不同。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。
It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見(jiàn)到你,已有很長(cháng)時(shí)間了。
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著(zhù)一直到她準備離開(kāi)。
除以上基本的引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來(lái)不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞:
(1) 表示“一…就”的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:
Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來(lái)我就把消息告訴了他。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒(méi)希望了。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來(lái)我們就可以開(kāi)始。
(2) 涉及time的幾個(gè)從屬連詞:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話(huà),他都感到緊張。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見(jiàn)到他時(shí)他沒(méi)告訴我。
■與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有兩點(diǎn)值得注意:
(1) 當主句為將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來(lái)意義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義,而不能直接使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。
I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來(lái)我就告訴他。
(2) 與since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現在完成時(shí)態(tài):
He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來(lái),他就一直住在這兒。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有時(shí)也可能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或一般現在時(shí):
It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見(jiàn)面了。
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何東西。
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